| 全面解读汽车租赁行业市场概况 |
| 添加时间：2019/6/6 16:44:18 浏览次数： |
| 汽车租赁业未来将向三个方向发展：第一是定制租赁；第二是合作金融系统；第三是车辆更新周期缩短。 The car rental industry will develop in three directions in the future: the first is the custom lease, the second is the cooperative financial system, and the third is the shortening of the vehicle renewal cycle. 汽车租赁业务按性质不同分为经营性汽车租赁业务和融资性汽车租赁业务。经营性汽车租赁，即传统意义上的租赁，指汽车租赁公司将购置的自有车辆出租给承租人使用，由承租人按期支付租金，租约到期后承租人返还车辆，汽车租赁公司继续将车辆出租于其他承租人；融资性汽车租赁，指针对有长期用车需求的企业或个人，汽车租赁公司将购置车辆长租给客户使用，客户按月支付租金，待租期届满，汽车租赁公司将车辆所有权过户给客户，是汽车租赁与金融相结合的创新业态。 The car rental business is divided into operating car rental business and financing car rental business according to the different nature. Business car rental, which traditionally refers to the rental, car rental companies will own vehicle rental purchase to the lessee for use by the lessee to pay the rent, the lease expires after the lessee return the vehicle, the car rental company will continue to other vehicle rental tenant; financing car rental, a pointer to a long-term car the needs of enterprises or individuals, car rental companies will purchase vehicles long rent to customers, customers paid monthly rent, after the expiration of the lease, the car rental company will transfer to the customer's vehicle ownership, car rental and combination of financial business innovation. 一、汽车租赁公司所处行业分类情况 First, the classification of the industry of a car rental company 汽车租赁公司主要从事汽车租赁服务，根据中国证监会发布的《上市汽车租赁公司行业分类指引》规定，汽车租赁公司业务所处行业属于K39“租赁服务业”。根据国家统计局2011 年8 月颁布实施的《国民经济行业分类》国家标准（GB/T 4754-2011），汽车租赁公司所处行业为“租赁业”大类下属的“机械设备租赁”的其中一个分支——汽车租赁。 Car rental companies are mainly engaged in car rental services. According to the guidelines issued by China Securities Regulatory Commission on the classification of listed car leasing companies, the industry of automobile leasing companies belongs to the K39 "leasing service industry". According to the national standard of the classification of national economy (GB/T 4754-2011) promulgated by the National Bureau of statistics in August 2011, the industry of car rental companies is one of the branches of "leasing machinery and equipment" under the category of "leasing industry" -- car rental. 二、行业发展概况及前景 Two. The general situation and Prospect of industry development (一) 汽车租赁行业发展概况 (1) the development of car rental industry 1、国际汽车租赁行业发展整体概况 1. The overall development of the international car rental industry 国际汽车租赁业具有超过100年的历史，最初仅限于欧洲市场。二战后，汽车租赁业进入了蓬勃发展时期，市场突破了欧洲的地域限制，在世界范围均呈现出发展之势。经营规模从80年代末的150亿美元扩张到2000年的过千亿美元。从业汽车租赁公司数量也超过了5000家。进入21世纪后，国际汽车租赁市场已经渗透到汽车行业的方方面面。 The international car rental industry has a history of more than 100 years, initially limited to the European market. After World War II, the car rental industry entered a period of vigorous development, the market broke through the regional restrictions in Europe, and showed the trend of development all over the world. The scale of operation has expanded from $15 billion at the end of 80s to over hundreds of billions of dollars in 2000. The number of car rental companies is more than 5000. After entering twenty-first Century, the international car rental market has penetrated into all aspects of the automobile industry. 2、中国汽车租赁行业发展整体概况 2. The general situation of the development of China's car rental industry 中国汽车租赁行业仍处于早期发展阶段，渗透率较低，未来潜力巨大。汽车租赁服务可以根据租赁性质分为融资性汽车租赁和经营性汽车租赁，其中经营性汽车租赁可以再根据租用时长划分为短租和长租，目前市场上大多数租赁车辆用于短租，短租是当前最主流的汽车租赁方式。 The car rental industry in China is still in the early stage of development, with low permeability and great potential in the future. Car rental services can be divided into according to the nature of the lease financing and business car rental car rental car rental business, which can be divided into short length according to the lease rent and rent a long, most of the leased vehicle market for rent short, short rent is the most mainstream car leasing. 截至2012年底，中国已有数千家汽车租赁汽车租赁公司，其中一半以上的企业位于北京、上海、深圳等一线城市，在二、三线等城市的分布渗透有限。从市场占有率来看，排名前十的租赁汽车租赁公司市场占有率约为12%，虽相比2011年集中度有所提高，但相对成熟市场仍然相当低。从企业数量分布来看，小规模区域性经营的汽车长租汽车租赁公司数量最多，除极个别大型企业外，平均车队规模仅在50辆汽车左右，很难达到规模经济效应；融资性汽车租赁汽车租赁公司数量较少，同时每年的车辆租赁量也不高。虽然国内业已形成了十数家颇具规模的短租汽车租赁公司，例如神州租车、一嗨租车、赢时通等，但整体市场份额相比成熟市场仍然较低。 By the end of 2012, there were thousands of car rental car rental companies in China. More than half of them were located in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other first tier cities, with limited penetration in two or three tier cities. From the perspective of market share, the market share of the top ten rental car rental companies is about 12%, though it has improved compared with the 2011 concentration level, but the relatively mature market is still quite low. From the number of enterprises distribution, small scale regional business long car rental car rental company the largest number, with the exception of a few large enterprises, the average fleet size only in 50 cars, it is difficult to achieve economies of scale; financing of car rental car rental company is less in quantity, while the annual amount of vehicle leasing is not high. Although China has formed dozens of large-scale short rental car rental companies, such as China auto rental, a car rental Hi, yingshitong, but the overall market share is still low compared to the mature market. 中国汽车租赁行业仍处于早期发展阶段的另一个明显标志，是市场汽车租赁渗透率（租赁汽车数量占乘用车总保有量的比例）较欧美成熟市场明显偏低。目前在国内，个人租赁市场基本未开放，即使是汽车租赁公司车队，租赁渗透率也不到10%，且客户基本为外企；而在德国法国等成熟市场，每年近50%的汽车租赁公司车辆会以租赁形式出售。 Another obvious sign of China's car rental industry is still in its early stage of development, which is that the market penetration of car rental (the proportion of rental cars to total passenger cars) is significantly lower than that of mature markets in Europe and America. At present, the individual rental market is basically not open in China, even for the fleet of car rental companies, the lease penetration rate is less than 10%, and the customers are basically foreign enterprises. In Germany, France and other mature markets, nearly 50% of the car rental companies will sell each year in the form of lease. 在上海和北京等一些主要租赁市场，法规仍然对汽车租赁有着名义上的严格限制，例如上海对企业租赁资质认证和车辆牌照（Y牌照）有严格限制，但由于市场上对汽车租赁的巨大需求，存在很多无资质的车辆运营，而政府并没有对之进行打击，使得灰色市场几乎成为当地汽车租赁市场的主流。但从市场需求和目前政府的态度来看，短期内市场法规至少会维持现状，而长期来看，类似法规限制终将会逐步解除。 In Shanghai and Beijing and other major rental market regulations still has strict restrictions on the nominal rental car, for example Shanghai leasing enterprise qualification and vehicle license (Y license) are strictly limited, but due to the huge demand for car rental market, there is no vehicle operation qualification, and the government and not to attack, the gray market almost become the mainstream of the local car rental market. But from the perspective of market demand and the current government's attitude, the market regulation will remain at least for a short time. In the long run, similar laws and regulations will eventually be lifted. |
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