| 如何加强汽车租赁中对出租人的物权保护? |
| 添加时间：2017/10/27 15:10:16 浏览次数： |
| 随着融资租赁交易在世界各国的迅速推广，汽车租赁在一些发达国家已占到了租赁业务额的50%，成为租赁市场的主力。照此趋势 With the rapid promotion of financial leasing transactions in the world, car rental in some developed countries has accounted for 50% of the rental business, becoming the main force of the rental market. Follow this trend 赛富通记者2016.06.21讯 在汽车租赁中如何加强对出租人的物权保护？接下来由《融资租赁法》起草人 张女士来为我们讲述具体可行措施。 Fortis reporter 2016.06.21 news in the car rental how to strengthen the lessor's property rights protection? Next, by the financial leasing law drafted by Ms. Zhang to tell us specific and feasible measures. 随着融资租赁交易在世界各国的迅速推广，汽车租赁在一些发达国家已占到了租赁业务额的，成为租赁市场的主力。照此趋势，汽车租赁在我国也必将占有相当的市场份额。 With the rapid promotion of financial leasing transactions in the world, car rental in some developed countries has accounted for the amount of leasing business, become the main force of the rental market. According to this trend, car rental will also occupy a considerable market share in china. 我国八十年代初引进融资租赁业务时，一些租赁公司也做过一些汽车融资租赁业务，但在当时的背景下，出租人并没有也不需要过分关注租赁物，特别是汽车当时属于稀缺产品，能够租汽车的企业都有很强的综合偿付能力，所以不具有汽车租赁业务的典型特征。 Our country at the beginning of 80s the introduction of financial leasing business, some rental companies have done some automobile leasing business, but at the time of the background, the lessor does not do not need too much attention to the leased property, especially the car had to be able to rent the car belongs to the scarcity of products, enterprises have strong solvency. So do not have the typical characteristics of car rental business. 最近几年来，汽车业的发展和市场的需求呼唤着汽车租赁业的健康运行，然而实践中仍然有不少的法律障碍和困难。 In recent years, the development of the automobile industry and the demand of the market call for the healthy operation of the car rental industry. However, there are still many legal obstacles and difficulties in practice. 一、现行《机动车登记办法》没有考虑到租赁交易的情况，造成汽车租赁中的困难 First, the current "motor vehicle registration act" did not take into account the lease transaction, resulting in difficulties in car rental 1、落户问题。 1, settle down problem. 根据现行《机动车登记办法》的规定，机动车号牌、机动车行驶证、机动车登记证实行三合一的制度，法律规定由所有权人进行申领和登记，在登记证中没有体现所有权和使用权分离状态下的情况，而融资租赁中所有权和使用权是分离的，那么以机动车为融资租赁物的业务难以操作，如果按照现行法律进行登记，那么严格来说应该是租赁公司办理上述申领和登记的手续，但实践中，承租人是租赁物的实际使用人，与租赁物的关系更紧密，由承租人办理更顺理成章，特别是在承租人有营运资格的情况下，这一问题就更突出。 According to the existing provisions of the "motor vehicle registration", motor vehicle license plate, vehicle license, vehicle registration system three in one, the law and apply for registration by the owner, ownership and use right under the condition of state separation is not reflected in the registration certificate, and the ownership and use rights are separated in the financing lease then, the vehicle for the finance lease business to operate, if the registration in accordance with the existing laws, so strictly speaking should be the leasing company for the application and registration procedures, but in practice, the lessee of the leased property is actual, more closely related to the lease, the lessee for more logical, especially the operational qualification on the lessee's case, this problem is more prominent. 2、风险责任承担问题 2, risk liability undertaking 由于承租人是租赁物的实际使用人，而所有权又属于出租人，尽管出租人和承租人会在合同中约定与租赁物相关的风险和责任由承租人承担，但由于机动车是进行权属登记的特殊客体，根据风险与所有权并存的传统法学理论，出租人承担连带责任或首先被追究的可能性非常大，加大了租赁公司的风险。 Due to the lessee the lease is the actual use, but the ownership belongs to the lessor, although the lessor and the lessee in the contract agreement and lease risk and liability shall be borne by the lessee, but because the vehicle is a special object of ownership registration, according to the traditional theory of legal risk and ownership coexist, the possibility of the lessor shall be jointly and severally liable or first be held very large, increasing the risk of leasing companies. 二、出租人对租赁物的所有权是绝对的、完全的，但在实践中得不到应有的保护 Two, the lessor's ownership of the leased property is absolute and complete, but it can not be protected in practice 不论是融资租赁的国际公约还是我国合同法第十四章以及我国的实践中，出租人对租赁物拥有绝对的完全的所有权，这一点经得起任何挑战，未经出租人同意，承租人不得有转租、出卖、投资、抵押等任何侵犯出租人所有权的行为。 Whether the International Convention on the financing lease or contract law of our country, the fourteenth chapter and the practice of our country, the lessor has absolute ownership of the leased property, a stand up to any challenge, without consent of the lessor, the lessee shall not sublet, selling, investment, mortgage of any infringement of the lessor's ownership behavior. 实践中，由于承租人占有租赁物，容易造成承租人是租赁物的所有权人的假象。依动产物权的公示方法即占有即拥有，依善意取得规则 In practice, the lessee is liable for the owner of the lease due to the lessee's possession of the leased property. According to the rules of bona fide acquisition, the public property right of chattel depends on possession and possession 我国物权法草案第条对此规则已作规定，自承租人处以合理的价格善意受让租赁物的第三人即可取得租赁物的所有权。此时出租人不再对租赁物享有所有权，仅能向承租人主张损害赔偿，出租人拥有租赁物的安全防线被打破，极大地损害了交易的安全。 The provisions of the draft of the real right law of China stipulate that the ownership of the leased property can be obtained from the third party who agrees to accept the leased property at a reasonable price. At this time, the lessor no longer has the ownership of the leased property, and can only claim damages to the lessee. The lessor has the security line of the leased property to be broken, which greatly damages the security of the transaction. 而汽车租赁比普通设备租赁对出租要安全，因为如果出租人进行了登记，那么第三人的取得就必须查询登记情况，否则就可以推定不是善意的，除非直接登记在承租人名下或承租人采取了其他欺诈手段。 Rather than ordinary car rental equipment leasing to rent to be safe, because if the lessor was registered, then made third people must query registration, otherwise it can be presumed not kind, unless the person in direct registration or the lessee has taken other fraudulent means. 三、取回占有问题 Three. Retrieving the possession 长期以来，我国对于出租人权利保护的问题，长期处于不细致、欠全面的状态。随着国内融资租赁业的发展，对出租人保护薄弱的问题逐步显露，特别是取回占有是非常困难的。 For a long time, the problem of the protection of the lessor's rights in our country has been in a state of being not careful and incomplete for a long time. With the development of domestic financial leasing industry, the problem of weak protection of lessors is gradually revealed, especially retrieving possession is very difficult. 取回权可以分为两大类型，一种是在承租人破产时，出租人享有的对租赁物的取回权，另一种为承租人违约时，出租人享有的对租赁物的取回权。关于承租人违约时的取回，从法理以及各国立法现状看，存在自助取回模式与司法取回模式两种。前者在英国、美国、新西兰等国是债权人普遍采用的方法，并曾被引入其他国家，其行使受到“不得破坏公共秩序”的限制；对于后者，关于操作程序的规定存在差别，有的通过诉讼判决或者裁决据以执行，有的则依当事人申请通过简易程序发给执行依据。 The right of recall can be divided into two types. One is that the lessee has the right to retrieve the leased property when the lessee is bankrupt, and the other is the right of the lessee to retrieve the leased property when the lessee defaults. As for the recovery of the lessee's breach of contract, there are two kinds of self-help recovery mode and judicial recovery mode from the legal theory and the current situation of legislation in various countries. The former is a commonly used method of creditors in the United Kingdom, the United States, New Zealand, and have been introduced into other countries, the exercise was "not undermine public order"; for the latter, the provisions on the procedures are different, some through litigation judgment or ruling according to the implementation, or according to the request of the parties through simple according to the program execution. 四、建立完善的汽车租赁登记制度 Four, establish a perfect car rental registration system 物权的公示方法有两种：占有与登记。 由于融资租赁所有权与占有权的分离，占有不足以公示物权，建立融资租赁的登记制度就很必要，其基本宗旨在于维护交易安全。 There are two ways of publicity of property right: possession and registration. Because of the separation of ownership and possession of financial leasing, it is necessary to establish the registration system of financial leasing, and the basic purpose is to maintain the security of transactions. |
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